Conveyor Belt Splicing

Which Method is Best?

For every conveyor application, the ends of each belt must be joined together to create a continuous belt. Even the most highly engineered belt specification is only as good as its splice. When determining which splicing method is best the operator must consider the benefits of the two common splicing methods: vulcanized or mechanical.

Is there a clear choice between these two methods? Consider this simple rule: For the permanent splicing of a conveyor belt, vulcanized splicing is most often the best choice; however, when a belt must be rejoined frequently, mechanical fasteners may be preferred.

Vulcanized Splicing
There are two methods of vulcanized splicing - hot and cold. Hot vulcanized splicing requires time, temperature, and pressure to complete the process of joining the ends of a belt together. Cold splicing relies on chemical adhesives to properly vulcanize the ends of the belt together.

Special equipment and expertise are required when utilizing the hot vulcanized splicing method. The ends of the belt to be joined together are stripped in a “stair-step” manner, overlapped and bonded together using splicing rubber and then cured using a heated press and pressure.

The cold method requires the ends of the belt to be stripped in the same stair step manner as hot vulcanized splicing or the ends are skived to provide the required overlap and then the belt’s layers are bonded back together with adhesive which cures at room temperature.

Vulcanized Advantages

• Greater strength and reliability
• Longer life and less maintenance
• Smooth, quiet operation
• Leak proof

Vulcanized Disadvantages

• Greater Installation Cost
• Specialized equipment required
• Special tools required
• Utilize trained splicing technicians
  

Mechanical Splicing
The mechanical fastener alternative involves connecting rows of metal fasteners that are attached to each belt end. They are the preferred method for making in-the-field repairs, such as adding belt length and patching holes or tears. There are many types and sizes of mechanical fasteners. As belt manufacturers will tell you, “One size does not fit all.” In other words, don’t rely on one type or size of fastener for all belts just to cut down on inventory requirements. Always use the correct fastener that has been designed specifically for the belt and application.

Proper mechanical fastener selection involves belt thickness, operating tension, and pulley diameter. All three criteria must be considered when selecting the proper fastener for any application.

Mechanical Advantages

• Lower installation cost
• Installation learned quickly
• Simple hand tools required
• Emergency fixes

Mechanical Disadvantages

• Profile can catch belt cleaners and skirting
• Causes wear on idlers and pulleys
• Must be inspected frequently
• Heat retention leads to belt degradation
• Material can sift through joint
• Exposes cut belt ends to moisture